Atomic+Structure

Atomic Structure ====Atoms are made up of 3 types of particles **electrons **, ** protons ** and ** neutrons  **. The particles have different properties. **Electrons** are very small, there light particles and have a negative electrical charge (-). ** Protons ** are a lot larger and heavier than electrons and they have a opposite charge, which is a positive charge. ** Neutrons ** are large and heavy. neutrons have no electrical charge. ====

= =

Rules for predicting ground state position of electrons

The Aufbau Principle :ELECTRONS OCCUPY THE LOWEST ENERGY FIRST

The Pauli Exclusion Principle: :THERE ARE NOT MORE THAN TWO ELECTRONS IN EACH "ORBITAL"

Hund's Rule :PLACE ON ELECTRON IN EACH SUB-ORBITAL BEFORE DOUBLING UP TO FILL A SPECIFIC ENERGY LEVEL Pyramid Diagram Nitrogen - 7 Distinguishing Atoms
 * Elements are different because they have different numbers of protons

by a decimal- and then add the products The periodic table lets you easily compare the properties of one element- or a group of elements- to another element- or group of elements Periodic Table The periodic table allows you to identify the atomic structure of atoms because of the way elements are organized on the periodic table.
 * The number of neutrons in an atom is the difference between the mass number and atomic number
 * Because isotopes of an element have different numbers o neutrons, they also have different mass numbers
 * To calculate the atomic mass of an element, multiply the mass of each isotope by its natural percent abundance - expressed by
 * Every element in a certain period has the same number of atomic orbitals.
 * Every element in a certain row has the same number of electrons in its outter shell.
 * There are only a few exceptions to the rule and theses elements are called transition metals
 * TMaxwell

[|web elements page]

Image Source: image.tutorvista.com